GENETIC ORIGIN
The
laying of brown-shelled eggs in the Marans is due to the
inescapable presence of hereditary genes that are very complex
and, to date, undiscovered (“the genetic linkage” of
this characteristic is therefore unknown).
The
complexity of the inheritance of extra-russet-red egg colour
would result from the presence of several genes and not of only
one, of which some genes would be dominant whereas others would
be recessive.
Given
these conditions, the heredity of dark brown eggshells is
automatically reproduced only if the various genes responsible
for the brown shells are joined together in the genotype of the
subject considered.
We
are thus well in the presence of a breed characteristic for which
the laws of its genetics still hold many secrets.
We
can note in addition that the genes causing “creamy-white”
eggs (these even not decoded to date and perhaps quite as complex?)
would be rather dominant compared to those causing “brown
eggs.”
Moreover,
if the report which is made of a greater effectiveness in the
transmission of the genes for dark eggs by cocks more than by
hens is proved to be a reality with concrete cases in the Marans,
then it would be possible to imagine that at least one of the
unknown genes causing extra-russet-red eggs would be “sex-linked”,
i.e. present in the double state in the cock.
Consequently,
in ameliorative crossings for extra-russet-red eggs, when a
purebred cock is mated to a non-purebred hen, the cock would
visibly transmit his dark-egg genes to all his descendants, while
a purebred hen, if mated to a non-purebred cock, would have
visible evidence of the dark-egg genes in only with half of her
descendants.
This
could explain the impression of a greater effectiveness of the
cocks to transmit the characteristic of dark eggs in the first
generation.
Attention
must be paid as this situation is indeed misleading; it describes
only one coupling of subjects which one can suppose non-purebred,
at least to some extent, for genes related to the characteristic
of “brown eggs.” With time, the recessive brown egg
genes will reappear.